EMDR can be used safely with complex PTSD when it's paced carefully. That usually means a longer preparation phase to build stability and coping skills before processing painful memories, with you able to pause or slow down at any point.
What is complex PTSD?
Complex PTSD (C-PTSD) usually grows out of repeated or long-lasting trauma, often in situations where escape felt impossible: childhood abuse or neglect, domestic violence, or life in a high-control group. Along with PTSD symptoms like flashbacks and feeling constantly on guard, people often struggle with shame, intense emotions, and trusting others. The World Health Organization recognizes complex PTSD as its own diagnosis in the ICD-11.
How does EMDR work?
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) was developed by psychologist Francine Shapiro. It uses bilateral stimulation, such as eye movements or gentle tapping, while you briefly focus on a memory. The aim is to help the brain process memories that stayed stuck, so they feel less raw in the present. The World Health Organization includes EMDR among its recommended treatments for PTSD.
Why go slower with complex trauma?
With a single traumatic event, there's often one clear memory to start with. Complex trauma is layered, and memories can be tied to early attachment wounds. Moving too fast can be overwhelming. Careful EMDR with C-PTSD puts stability first:
- Building calming and grounding skills you can use on your own.
- Learning your early warning signs of overwhelm or shutting down.
- Choosing what to work on thoughtfully, sometimes starting with present-day triggers rather than the hardest memories.
- Keeping control in your hands. You can pause, adjust, or stop at any time.
How long preparation takes depends on the person. Needing more time here isn't a setback. It's part of the work.
Are there times to wait on EMDR?
Yes. A therapist may hold off on memory processing if you're in an unsafe situation right now, in crisis, or without enough support and stability in daily life. Waiting is part of keeping it safe, not a judgment about you.
What should I ask a therapist before starting?
- How do you adapt EMDR for complex trauma?
- What happens in the preparation phase?
- What do we do if I feel overwhelmed during or between sessions?
Janice LaFountaine, MS, LMFT offers EMDR therapy for PTSD and complex trauma, by telehealth across Washington and Idaho and in person in Chattaroy, near Spokane. Learn more on the EMDR therapy page.
If you're in crisis, help is available any time.
- 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org